Expression écrite - Common law/civil law

[lauramarquet]

Bonjour à tous

J'ouvre ce nouveau sujet car j'ai besoin d'un peu d'aide ^^ Je dois faire une expression écrite au sujet de la liberté contractuelle dans le droit français et dans le droit anglais. Du coup, j'aurais besoin que l'on m'indique mes fautes afin que je puisse les corriger.

Je sais que je fais beaucoup d'erreurs, notamment de conjugaison:

" Civil law and common law doesn't have the same status to the contract. This is due in part to the own doctrinal logic to each of these rights. For civil law, social order comes from the definition of collective principles and rules within which the relationship between people can then organize themselves freely. Whereas, the Common Law devotes a logic of freedom of association under the subsequent verifications representation devices of general interest responsible for ensuring that the inter-individual agreements do not contravene the interests of third parties and the community. On Common law system, the freedom of contrat is most important than on civil law. Contractual relations in the common law are less codified in civil law. In it, there is many interpersonal relations that are governed by laws and regulations. On the contracts and agreements there is many obligations and prohibitions. The opposition of contractual freedom is also expressed when it comes to binding contracts. Civil law seems less flexible than the Anglo-Saxon law that allows players the opportunity to redefine relatively broad way of their mutual commitments. What is a contract? A contract is an agreement with specific terms between two or more persons or entities in which there is a promise to do something in return for a valuable benefit known as consideration. The United Kingdom belonging to the common law whereas in France their is the civil law tradition. Theses two system don't share the same contractual system. One is provide by economic considerations, while the other seeks to enforce the will of the party.

I. The contract in the common law

In the common law system, freedom of contract is extended. Some provisions are implicit in the contract under the binding. The contract is often more longer than that found in civil law countries.

Firstly, the consideration.

In contract law consideration is concerned with the bargain of the contract. A contract is based on an exchange of promises. Each party to a contract must be both a promisor and a promisee. They must each receive a benefit and each suffer a detriment. This benefit or detriment is referred to as consideration. Consideration must be something of value in the eyes of the law. This excludes promises of love and affection, gaming and betting etc. A one sided promise which is not supported by consideration is a gift. The law does not enforce gifts unless they are made by deed.

Secondly, the intention to create legal relations requirement for the formation of an enforceable contract.
 

II. What will the judge in case of ambiguity in the contract?

 

• Common law

The court will consider only what is written in the contract, so it's important to written it. Then in case of ambiguity, it will use two methods:

 

- The judge interpretation is based only on what the parties stated.

 

- The judge will take into account to the public interest. If the first method gives no solution.

A rule in contract law which states that any clause considered to be ambiguous should be interpreted against the interests of the party that requested that the clause be included. Contra proferentem rules guide the legal interpretation of contracts, and is typically applied when a contract is challenged in court. In the case of most insurance contracts, the contra proferentem rule would direct the court to rule against the insurer if a clause within the contract is vague.

• Civil law

the judge may intervene to some extent, by the interpretation of the contract. It will be to clarify their meaning if gap of ambiguity, contradiction or disagreement. Accordingly, two methods of interpretation may be used: the method subjective and objective method.

The subjective method is the most used. This will determine what was the real intention of the parties. The judge will then search for the common intention of the parties and their real intention.

The objective method is used only in a subsidiary manner and consist of the contract content review taking into account social requirements.
The judges will use this method when they have not been able to determine what the contractors wanted or if the will was jarring. "

 

Voilà, ça serait vraiment sympa de me dire ce qui ne va pas. Cela fait vraiment que très peu de temps que j'étudie  l'anglais ^^

Mon devoir est à rendre dans une semaine. Merci d'avance

 

 

 

 

 

[Jean B]

Bonjour,

Il faudrait quand même nous en dire un peu plus sur toi en ne laissant pas ton profil entièrement vide. Par exemple :  quelles études poursuis-tu actuellement ? Quand tu écris "Cela fait vraiment que très peu de temps que j'étudie l'anglais", peux-tu préciser ? Ton écrit étant d'un domaine spécifique, nous n'allons pouvoir intervenir que sur la forme, pas sur le fond. Par ailleurs, je m'interroge sur la/les raison(s) de plusieurs changements de polices de caractères qui me font inévitablement penser au copier-coller mais j'espère me tromper.

Au plaisir de te lire sur ces divers points.

[lauramarquet]

Bonjour et merci pour votre réponse,

Effectivement, je n'ai encore mis à jour mon profil. Je suis en Master 1 de Droit Public, j'étudie l'anglais depuis ma Licence 2 environ donc 3 ans environ. Auparavant, j'étais dans des établissements spécialisés, du coup ma LV1 était l'espagnol et ma LV2 l'italien. J'ai d'abord essayé d'apprendre l'anglais seule (séries, livres) puis l'anglais m'a été imposée lorsque je suis entrée en L2.

Concernant la police, j'ai rédigé mon document sur un fichier word, avec des puces et des couleurs. J'ai copier/coller mon document (que j'aurai peut être dû mettre en pièce jointe tout simplement). Je n'ai évidemment pas copier des textes sur internet, sinon, je ne serai pas venu sur ce forum pour demander à ce que l'on corrige les fautes.

Je maîtrise le sujet mais je  demande juste un peu d'aide au niveau de l'orthographe, de la syntaxe etc. Mais si ma demande n'est pas appropriée à ce forum, je le supprimerai immédiatement.

Bonne soirée !

 

[Jean B]

Holà, inutile de prendre la mouche s'il te plaît, je n'ai écrit nulle part que ta "demande est inappropriée". En qualité de généraliste, j'ignore tout de ce jargon et n'ai donc fait que rappeler une évidence : je n'interviens que sur la forme, point.

Voici ton texte corrigé et annoté :

"Civil law and common law doesn't have the same status to in the contract.<Le sujet est un pluriel This is due in part to the own doctrinal own logic to of each of these rights. For civil law, social order comes from the definition of collective principles and rules within which the relationship between people can then organize themselves freely. Whereas the Common Law devotes a logic of freedom of association under the subsequent verifications representation devices of general interest responsible for ensuring that the inter-individual agreements do not contravene the interests of third parties and the community. On Common law system, the freedom of contract is most more important than on civil law. Contractual relations in the common law are less codified than in civil law. In it there is are many interpersonal relations that are governed by laws and regulations. On the contracts and agreements there is are many obligations and prohibitions.< there is + singulier <=> there are + pluriel The opposition of contractual freedom is also expressed when it comes to binding contracts. Civil law seems less flexible than the Anglo-Saxon law that allows players the opportunity to redefine relatively broad way of their mutual commitments. What is a contract? A contract is an agreement with specific terms between two or more persons or entities in which there is a promise to do something in return for a valuable benefit known as consideration. The United Kingdom belonging pertains to the common law system whereas in France their there is the a civil law tradition. Theses two systems don't share the same contractual system mechanisms. One is provided by economic considerations while the other seeks to enforce the will of the party.

* these est le pluriel irrégulier de this

I. The contract in the common law

* Il faut revoir à fond les règles d’emploi/omission du déterminant “the”

In the common law system, freedom of contract is extended. Some provisions are implicit in the contract under the binding. The contract is often more longer than that found in civil law countries.

 Firstly, the consideration.

In contract law consideration is concerned with the bargain of the contract. A contract is based on an exchange of promises. Each party to a contract must be both a promisor and a promisee. They must each receive a benefit and each suffer a detriment. This benefit or detriment is referred to as consideration. Consideration must be something of value in the eyes of the law. This excludes promises of love and affection, gaming and betting etc. A one sided promise which is not supported by consideration is a gift. The law does not enforce gifts unless they are made by deed.

Secondly, the intention to create legal relations requirement for the formation of an enforceable contract.
 

II. What will the judge decide/do in case of ambiguity in the contract?

            Common law

The court will consider only what is written in the contract, so it's important to have it written down. Then in case of ambiguity, it will use two methods:

 - The judge interpretation is based only on what the parties stated.

 - The judge will take into account to the public interest into account. If the first method gives no solution.

A rule in contract law which states that any clause considered to be ambiguous should be interpreted against the interests of the party that requested that the clause be included. Contra proferentem rules guide the legal interpretation of contracts and is are typically applied when a contract is challenged in court. In the case of most insurance contracts, the contra proferentem rule would direct the court to rule against the insurer if a clause within the contract is vague.

• Civil law

The judge may intervene to some extent, by the interpretation of the contract. It will be to clarify consist in clarifying their meaning if gap of ambiguity, contradiction or disagreement. Accordingly, two methods of interpretation may be used: the method subjective method and the objective method one.

The subjective method is the most used. This will determine what was the real intentions of the parties were. < Ici what est un pronom relatif, pas un interrogatif ; l’ordre des mots doit donc rester celui d’une déclarative,  ie pronom relatif + groupe sujet + verbe The judge will then search for the common intention of the parties and their real intentions.

The objective method is used only in a subsidiary manner and consists of the contract content review taking into account social requirements. < -s final au présent simple d’un verbe dont le sujet est singulier
The judges will use this method when they have not been able to determine what the contractors wanted or if the will was jarring. "