Help Sur Le Sujet Police In The Uk

[fililor]

Modération : message supprimé, doublon.

[fililor]

Bonjour je suis étudiante en droit et j'ai un exposé de 10 min à faire sur le sujet POLICE IN THE UK: ORGANIZATION POWERS AND LIMITATIONS. J'ai besoin d'aide. La base de ma présentation orale est en pièce jointe. Je suis ouverte à toute critique, correction, aide, commentaire notamment sur le contenu. Je vous remercie d'avance !

[Jean B]

Bonjour,

Quelques erreurs de langue ont été corrigées en caractères gras bleus.

Pour le fond, ça me paraît correct mais je ne suis pas spécialiste dans ce domaine.

Bonjour je suis étudiante en droit et j'ai un exposé de 10 min à faire sur le sujet POLICE IN THE UK: ORGANIZATION POWERS AND LIMITATIONS. J'ai besoin d'aide. La base de ma présentation orale est en pièce jointe. Je suis ouverte à toute critique, correction, aide, commentaire notamment sur le contenu. Je vous remercie d'avance !

Today I will talk to you about Police in the United Kingdom, developing about the organization, its powers and limitations. A lot of people ignore that in each region of the United Kingdom, the law enforcement is organized separately.

In a first part we will see the organization of the police in each region of the UK. Then let's develop police powers and its limitations. Last but not least, we will study some differences concerning the police powers .

I/ A different organization of the police forces according to the regions:

Police is divided in 52 Constabularies. In the U.K there are roughly 150, 000 police officers including 14% of women. Law enforcement depends mainly on the police officers who are always in contact with the population. They patrol streets, give advice when someone commits an offence.

A/ In England and Wales:

England and Wales are made of 43 police forces. Each is commanded by a chief constable who reports to the Home Office and to local police authorities. The police forces receive half of their funding from central government and the other half from local taxation, mainly the community charges.

The police federation of England and Wales is a representative body. It's a tripartite organization made of representatives from the Constable, Sergent and Inspector ranks. The 43 forces are grouped into 8 regions. Each of the regions sends a Constable, Sergent and Inspector to the National body called the Joint Central Committee. It has a responsibility for national pay negotiations. It also has other functions, such as training, administering legal representation and liaising with government and other national bodies on policy and legislative matters.

Superintendents ( a senior police officer of the rank above an inspector) have their own association which is Superintendents Association and the Association of Chief Police officers represents senior ranks.

B/ Scotland:

Scotland is made of 8 police forces. Most Police powers and functions are devolved to the Scottish Parliament. Areas for which legislative responsibility remains within the U.K Government include national security, terrorism, firearms and drugs.

A tripartite arrangement exists for the accountability for the police service in Scotland: the police authority, the chief constable and the Secretary of State of Scotland. Each force is maintained by a police authority or joint board. Police authorities have 2 main functions:

To plan the budget for the force and to provide the Chief Constable

To appoint the officer of the rank of Assistant Chief Constable.

The Chief Constable alone is responsible for police operations. He is required to submit to the police authority an annual report on the policing. Her Majesty Secretary of State is under the direction of the Secretary of State and he writes a report to the Scottish Parliament about the efficiency of the police.

Police forces are divided into 3 branches:

Uniformed Branch has to preserve peace, public order, prevent crime and protect people and property.

Criminal investigation collects all information about crime (but only in Scotland)

Traffic Department deals with the enforcement of road traffic laws and road safety.

But some have specialized departments such as under-water units, mounted branch and police dogs.

3 associations represent members of Scottish service:

- Association of Chief Police officer made of Chief Constables and Assistant Chief constables; - Association of Scottish police superintendent; - The Scottish police federation. They participate to in negotiations on questions of payment, allowances and conditions of service.

C/ Northern Ireland:

Since November 2001, a new body, the Policing Board for Northern Ireland supervises the organization and the efficiency of the police in Northern Ireland. Concerning the Royal Ulster Constabulary it was renamed The Police Service of Northern Ireland. It's a police service that covers Northern Ireland. Police powers have not been transferred to the Northern Executive as it was the case for Scotland.

The federation is a representative body which represents all ranks.

II/ Police powers and limitations:

The police have power to stop arrest, detain and search people/persons and stop vehicles if they have reasonable grounds to suspect that someone is carrying out drugs, weapons, stolen items, or articles for use in offences. If you're stopped arrested, officers must tell you their names, the police station where they are stationed, why you have been stopped arrested and what they are looking for.

The police can stop arrest anyone in any public place: they can't stop arrest you in your home or garden.

Concerning searches of premises with a warrant: A magistrate can authorise entry and search of your home when there are reasonable grounds that indicate that an offence has been committed. The police must specify which premises are searched. But if they find anything else which might be an evidence of an offence, they can seize it under their power of seizure.

Concerning searches without a warrant: for a serious offence the police no longer accord a warrant to search your home or workplace.

Police also have a power of seizure: Police can seize things which have been obtained illegally or if they are in relation with the offence. Moreover in both cases, police must have reasonable reasons to think that it they can may have been stolen, destroyed or lost.

Police also have the power to retain your property "for as long as is necessary in the circumstances".

III/ Main differences between regions:

Britain has a long tradition of unarmed police officers. But in Northern Ireland, police officers carry firearms in order to protect themselves.

In Northern Ireland the police don't have the power to take fingerprints, palm prints or body samples, such as blood sample, unless you have been arrested and detained. Moreover only a police officer in uniform can stop a vehicle on a road and can ask for a driving licence, an insurance certificate and a test certificate.

Conclusion:

In general, law enforcement is made of a tripartite structure: A Chief Constable or Commissioner for the Metropolitan and city of London Police; local police authority; the government ( ministre de l'intérieur ). Police forces are responsible before these structures. For some year a lot of associations represent the interests of the police forces.